By Vivek WadhwaVice President of Academics and Innovation, Singularity University.
Cubicles with low walls, open collaboration areas, desks and computers assigned as you show up for work. If you need to hold a private meeting or make a personal phone call, you reserve a conference room in advance. This is what the offices of some companies are like today--and what most companies will be like in the future. But that's nothing. There is much more change to come.
The nature of work itself is changing for knowledge workers. During this decade, location will cease to be a barrier; many types of work will done as micro-tasks; and we will be collaborating in new ways. Not only will our employers take our offices away, but they will also expect us to be at their beck and call--and live balanced and healthy lives according to corporate standards.
I know this isn't all great, but that is the future we are headed into--whether we like it or not.
Note how much has already changed. We check email as soon as we reach home, and sneak a peek at our inboxes along the way. We respond to calls, texts, and messages even while on vacation. At work, we use Cisco Telepresence or Skype to confer with colleagues all over the world. Some companies let employees work from home for one or two days a week; some let them live in remote locations.
A decade ago, we could not have imagined being always on, always connected, with work following us wherever we go.
For our grandparents, "work" was almost always in a factory or on a farm. Today, the farm and factory jobs are performed by a shrinking minority. There are still many jobs in the services sector that require physical work. But increasingly our workforce is performing tasks that are done with the mind--that require knowledge and skill. These knowledge jobs can be assisted by technology.
Accounting firms routinely outsource grunt work, as do lawyers, and as do doctors, for tasks such as medical transcription. Not long ago, small and midsized projects were outsourced through websites such as oDesk, Freelancer, and Elance--not just to India but also to remote workers in the U.S. and Europe. A micro-task economy is now flourishing on sites such as Amazon Mechanical Turk, Samasource, and CrowdFlower, in which smaller tasks are farmed out. Big and small tasks such as data handling, website development, design, and transcription are commonly done by workers in diverse locations.
Crowdsourcing is making it possible for work to be done simultaneously by many people--no matter where they are. It is becoming possible to solve big problems by using the power of the collective as I just have for Innovating Women--a book on how to enable more women to participate in the innovation economy.
While research entrepreneurship, I realized there was a serious problem: women were facing discrimination and exclusion in the technology industry. I wanted to write a book that inspired, motivated, and educated women to surmount the hurdles. But I am no expert in this field. And interviewing women and researching solutions would have taken me years. So I asked women all over the world to crowdcreate this book with me--by sharing their stories and ideas on how to fix the problem. We did this on a social-media-style website.
I was able to tap into the collective knowledge of more than 500 women. Within six weeks, we had gathered enough information and anecdotes to publish not one but several books. And we learned from each other.
Businesses are beginning to do this as well. Rather than locking workers in departmental silos, companies on the cutting edge are encouraging employees to start communicating with each other on internal social-media sites. What used to be the quarterly email from the CEO has become a torrent of information-sharing within companies--at all levels. Watch this transform into the same type of crowdsouring of ideas to solve problems as I did with Innovating Women. Companies will start designing and developing new products and services by engaging their entire employee base.
Telepresence robots are taking video conferencing to a new level. There are several products on the market, such as Beam by Suitable Technologies and Fellow Robots, that allow a screen mounted on a mobile platform to move around the office and experience what is happening in a more human way. Imagine walking into your boss's office while you are at home, stepping into a conference room to join a meeting, or chit-chatting with your peers around the water fountain.
Watch this video of a holographic talk I gave to entrepreneurs in Uruguay--from Stanford University. They literally beamed a live image of me to a stage in Montevideo. This was developed by a Uruguayan company, Holograam. There are also video-conferencing technologies in development such as Mezzanine by Oblong Industries which uses multiple screens and spatial user interfaces to allow people in different locations to collaborate and share electronic information in a science fiction-like setting. Mezzanine is being developed by John Underkoffler, chief computer visionary behind the 2002 film Minority Report.
We can expect Google Glass-type devices to bring the computer display to our body--so that we view the screen on our glasses and don't need to sit at a desk any more. I expect future versions to provide immersive 3D experiences which are more like the holodecks we saw in Start Trek. And who knows, we may well have holodecks that make it feel as though we are together--but that is getting too far into the future. During this decade, we'll have to settle for 2D interfaces and 3D simulations.
This is all exciting--and terrifying enough. But what worries me is the intrusion that companies will increasingly make into our lives and the burnout we will suffer from always being at the beck and call of our employers. I know from personal experience how hard it is to turn off email and disconnect from social media. This will only get worse for all of us as we become more connected.
And then there will be demands by our employers for us to better manage our lifestyles--so that they can reduce their health bills and get more out of us. Just as companies reward workers who join health clubs and stop smoking, we will see them making greater demands. They will be able to measure what we do because we will increasingly be wearing biometric-monitoring devices such as the Nike FuelBand and Fitbit Flex and our smartphones will be adding new sensors. The new generation of sensor-based devices will continually gather data about our movement, heart rate, weight, sleep, and other health-related matters and upload these to the cloud. Before giving you more sick leave, employers will probably demand that you improve your lifestyle and habits.
All of this may seem like science fiction, but it isn't. The future is happening faster than we think and changing important parts of our existence.
Image credit: Shutterstock
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This material published courtesy of Singularity University.